OK, I know this is pretty far afield from IT, but it does qualify as technology that can seriously help wildlife conservation groups out there.
One common scenario in human-wildlife conflict (HWC) ocurs in livestock-herding communities living at the edges or even amongst wild carnivore ranges. If the livestock are not managed well, wild carnivores can take advantage of an easy meal of a domesticated goat, sheep, or even calf. Sometimes it's just a one-time act of convenience; after all, wild carnivores do have a preference for the taste of their particular prey animal. But sometimes the wild carnivore can get in the habit of taking livestock. Once this happens, options are limited. Relocation isn't that effective: 50% success at best. And of course sometimes the community will take things into their own hands and kill the predators.
But another solution is conditioned taste aversion. It involves chasing the predator(s) off the animal they killed and lacing the carcass with a compound such as thiabendazole, levamisole, or lithium chloride. If the predator comes back to eat the animal, the compound will make them nauseous and immediately condition them to avoid that particular animal in the future.
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